How does β-nicotinamide mononucleotide fight aging?
β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is involved in cellular energy metabolism, DNA repair and anti-aging processes.
Release time：
2025-05-16
Source：
The anti-aging effect of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is mainly based on its enhancement of the level of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a key coenzyme in cells. NAD+ is a core molecule in cell energy metabolism, DNA repair and aging regulation. Its content decreases significantly with age. As a direct precursor of NAD+, NMN can efficiently supplement NAD+, thereby delaying aging.
NAD+ is a key coenzyme in the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation, directly affecting the synthesis of ATP (cellular energy currency). A decrease in NAD+ levels can lead to insufficient cellular energy supply and accelerate aging.
NAD+ is the substrate of PARP (poly ADP ribose polymerase), which maintains genome stability by repairing DNA breaks. When NAD+ is insufficient, DNA damage accumulates, leading to cell function decline.
NMN increases NAD+, enhances the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, reduces the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduces oxidative stress damage.
NAD+ promotes cellular autophagy (removal of damaged proteins and organelles) and maintains cellular cleanliness by regulating the mTOR and AMPK signaling pathways.
NMN → Increase NAD+ → Activate Sirtuins/PARP → Enhance energy metabolism, repair DNA, remove senescent cells → Delay organ function decline → Extend healthy life span
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